Not so easy or simple, but we can look for signals and proxies. These can include the different types and domains of learning (see D4.2 Report on the framework for monitoring and evaluation of the urban living labs (1.8 MB) "pdf" for more detail):
- Social learning - networks and forums for deliberation and exchange
- Technical learning - information flows and feedbacks
- Entrepreneurial learning - unlocking hidden resources and creative energy
- Policy learning - feedback channels and evaluation processes for continuous improvement
- Cultural learning - organizational attitudes and cultures of innovation, exchange, etc.