By Valeska Engesser
In light of technological advancements and the growing role of digitalization in daily life, the expanding global population, along with emission and traffic restriction regulations, form challenges for urban areas, particularly in the mobility and transport sector. Road transport, a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, is further constrained by inefficiencies in last-mile logistics, intensified by the rapid expansion of e-commerce. Autonomous Delivery Robots (ADR), which are understood as pedestrian-sized robots that deliver items to customers without human intervention, present a promising solution for last-mile logistics. ADR can enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and provide contactless delivery options. Despite the technological advancements, real-life experiences with ADR are scarce, posing a challenge in understanding their potential impacts.
This research aims to bridge this gap by providing real-life experiences with ADR to various stakeholders in the logistics supply chain. This dissertation explores the perceptions of various stakeholders, including Logistics Service Providers, private end-receivers, the public, and a multi-stakeholder group, toward ADR. Grounded in technology ac[1]ceptance theories, the research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehen[1]sive understanding. It identifies key factors influencing the perception and adoption of ADR, such as trust, hedonic factors, performance expectancy, and human interaction among private end-receivers. Addition[1]ally, it highlights factors related to ADR design and behavior, and traffic system integration, particularly in public spaces. Service and customer satisfaction are considered the most important among Logistics Ser[1]vice Providers.
This research contributes to the field by providing insights into the practical implications and challenges of integrating ADR into existing logistics processes, aiming to create a more sustainable and efficient last-mile delivery system. Additionally, it expands the theoretical understanding of technology acceptance. Furthermore, valuable implications for manufacturers, policymakers, logistics companies, and researchers are given. Lastly, combining theoretical and qualitative methodological approaches is suggested to address specific needs and preferences across different regions and stakeholder groups. Emphasizing ADR use cases that include high shipment volumes and high goods diversity is seen as promising for successful ADR deployment.