The Lab in each city will make direct contributions to solving practical problems like air quality, noise, traffic safety, scurity and greenspace. It should also help local empowerment by community learning and capacity building. And it should help with local governance by policy learning and strategic policy intelligence. It will also help to advance the state of the art, with knowledge transfer and scaling up to other cities. It will do mapping and analysis of the learning loops at all levels, with new insights on barriers and opportunities ('multi-loop learning'). Overall, this will contribute to 'urban innovation', both for technical problems and social opportunities, for policy-makers and providers, for analysts and researchers, and most of all for citizens and communities.